The Lottery By Shirley Jackson - 1355 Words

The Lottery Essay Andrew Lansley once said â€Å"Peer pressure and social norms are powerful influences on behavior, and they are classic excuses.† Most people tend to follow cultural customs because they have grown with them or it has been forced onto them with factors such as parents or their environment. However, is it always right to follow these customs even if they are in fact considered wrong? Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story about the cultural norms of a small community and its annual lottery ritual; a stoning. Jackson overthrows the story by making the lottery a corrupt occurrence rather than a victory. The reader would probably think that the â€Å"winner† of the lottery would be benefited but in this case the victory was not so delightful. In her short story â€Å"The Lottery† Jackson seemingly uses ordinary details about the setting and the townspeople to characterize her theme that although society claims to be civilized, and may ap pear so, it is inherently barbaric. Through her use of setting, which on the surface appears to be light-hearted and commonplace, Jackson masks and emphasizes the shock and horror of the story’s ending. Jackson first depicts a light and merry setting when she describes the day of the lottery. â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green.† By detailing the day in a bubbly way, Jackson veils the idea that nothing badShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition ar e met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Martin Eden by Jack London - 825 Words

Jack London is among the many prolific writers from the United States of America who possess great artistic works ranging from great time novels ,short stories to plays just but to mention a few. He is fondly remembered for his great novel, ‘Martin Eden’ published in 1909. In the novel he tries to express the challenges faced by young writers who try to exploit their talent and passion in an area where little opportunities present themselves. This novel has stood the test of time with its relevance evident to date. It is a favorite to many young upcoming writers thus the main aim for writing this paper is to focus on the autobiography of Jack London as ‘Martin Eden’. Jack London’s Life Jack London was born in the last quarter of the†¦show more content†¦The author’s life is therefore fully reflected contextually in that through his protagonist in his novel, he successfully manages to explain his life experiences to the world. In the character of Martin Eden, Jack London shows how rocky, steep and rough the road to the prime of his career was in a time where success through individual hard work was not something to count on. Because of this societal mythology of lack of success through individual hard work Jack went to an extent of even loosing his fiancà ©e who lost faith in his efforts and resolved to break up with him, little did she know that his future was to shine bright some day. This is the reflection of London’s life from his main character in his novel ‘Martin Eden’. Elements of Autobiography in ‘Martin Eden’ by Jack London. Autobiography is one’s life story written down by the same individual, in this context, there is a lot of autobiography as we see the author Jack London in his novel ‘Martin Eden’ trying to explain his life experience as he struggled up the ladder of literary success in the character of Martin Eden, this is therefore autobiography. Some of the autobiographical elements well contained and elaborated in the novel follow shortly:- From the context of the novel, we see autobiography coming through clearly, firstly when one reads theShow MoreRelated The Call Of Jack London Essay example2187 Words   |  9 Pages The Call Of Jack London nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During a time when man had gold fever, and philosophical views plagued the minds of many, one man took these views and turned them into great outdoor adventures. John â€Å"Jack† Griffith London, a twentieth century author, wrote The Call of the Wild, other novels, and short stories that depict the philosophical views of the time and added adventure to them by using his own life experiences that carried thousandsRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesinterchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novel into English, and after its publicationRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesAutobiography First published in Paris in March of 1791 entitled â€Å"Memoires De La Vie Privee† The first English translation, The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin. Originally Written By Himself, And Now Translated From The French, was published in London in 1793. Faithful Puritan account of the colorful career of America’s first self-made man. The writing process lasted for 40 years, yet the book was still not completed when he died。 13 virtues followed by Franklin Temperance 节åˆ ¶Ã¯ ¼Ë†Ã© ¥ ®Ã© £Å¸Ã¯ ¼â€° Silence æ ²â€°Ã© »Ëœ Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesimportant subsidiary focus ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 601 A GUIDE TO THE MAIN FOCUS OF CASES IN THE BOOK 601 PAGE NUMBER IN THE BOOK CASE Ekomate – an Indian company uses networks and relationships to internationalise. Eden Project (B) – latest developments in a successful tourist attraction. Brown Bag Films – strategy development and strategic choice for a small business in an international market ACME – innovation and entrepreneurship in the Indian mobile phone industryRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagesneglecting such traditional subjects as history. Spencer initially followed up the scientific interests encouraged by his father and studied engineering. For a few years, until 1841, he practiced the profession of civil engineer as an employee of the London and Birmingham Railway. His interest in evolution is said to have arisen from the examination of fossils that came from the rail-road cuts. Spencer left the railroad to take up a literary career and to follow up some of his scientific interests. HeRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesstyle will be best. 68 46 Jones−George: Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 2. The Evolution of Management Thought  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2005 Managing Ethically Mr. Edens Proï ¬ ts from Watching His Workers’ Every Move Read the case below, â€Å"Mr. Edens Proï ¬ ts from Watching His Workers’ Every Move,† and think about the following issues. C ontrol is one of Ron Edens’s favorite words. â€Å"This is a controlled environment,† he says of the blank brick buildingRead MoreA Review and a Conceptual Framework of Prestige-Seeking Consumer Behavior9366 Words   |  38 Pagesdu Marketing, 132/133 (2-3), 23-39. Fenigstein, Allan, Michael F. Scheier and Arnold H. Buss (1975), Public and Private Self-Consciousness: Assessment and Theory, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43 (4), 522-527. Fenchel, Gerd H., Jack H. Monderer and Eugene L. Hartley (1951), Subjective Status and The Equilibration Hypothesis, Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 46 (2), 476-479. Festinger, Leon (1954), A Theory of Social Comparison Process, Human Relations, 7 (1), 117-140Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesprovide an example of the new Page 14 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Section One employability approach. In the aftermath of General Electric’s workforce reductions of 25 percent, there was recognition by its chief executive officer (CEO) Jack Welch that the company would have to attract quality employees with desirable achievement opportunities instead of job security policies.19 Welch, who was widely regarded as one of the most visionary and effective CEOs, was strongly criticized forRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson EditorialRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesorganization and the project teams will vary. In some cases, the parent organization maintains a tight rein through financial controls. In other cases, firms grant the project manager maximum freedom to get the project done as he sees fit. Lockheed Martin has used this approach to develop next-generation jet airplanes. See Snapshot from Practice: Skunk Works. 70 Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture SNAPSHOT FROM PRACTICE In project management folklore, skunk works is code for a small

The Conviction of George Burroughs Free Essays

The reading by Johnson starts out with a married lady by the name of Katherine Watkins complaining of rape by a black slave. Throughout the remainder of this section, depositions are given by other black slaves and people who claim to have witnessed the occurrence. Most of the accounts indicate that Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Conviction of George Burroughs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Watkins seduced the slave into a sexual act and then blamed it on him in order to stay out of the trouble that her Quaker husband†s beliefs would have brought on her. The other section in this book is the sermon by John Winthrop entitled, A Model of Christianity. Two rules by which all men should abide, he says, are to show mercy and do justice. Among many other good deeds, he preaches love among Christians, performing service for the Lord, having unity and conformity in the community, and strict obedience to God†s word lest some punishment befall you. The handout given in class deals with the issue of homosexuality and the punishments for sodomy and buggery. The reading by Marcus was solely concentrated on the Salem Witch Trials. A former minister, George Burroughs, is accused of witchcraft and much of the section deals with people who claimed to have been bewitched by him. There are a couple of letters by Cotton Mather explaining the difficulty of the witchcraft trials and his defense of the conviction of George Burroughs. The rest of this reading is letters of confession by the accused and more letters relating to the trials. The role of Colonial women in society is given an in depth look in the segment by Graebner. In these days, the husband was seen as the supreme head of the family and women were basically domestic. Women were basically known only as the wife of their husbands and often helped them with their business affairs. Eventually, a minimal level of trade arose among women in the village, but nothing big enough to trigger a large outbreak of feminism at that time. A women†s role in society can basically be summed up in this quote, â€Å"The economic roles of married women were based upon two potentially conflicting values – gender specialization and identity of interest. A wife was expected to become expert in the management of a household and the care of children, but she was also asked to assist in the economic affairs of her husband, becoming his representative and even his surrogate if circumstances demanded it. Three concepts that were all tied together in Colonial America were sin, legality, and community. Their definitions of sin were taken before a jury for the proper punishment, and thus their sense of community was being broken down by the fact that so many people were being sentenced and punished for the sins that the legal system found them guilty of. How to cite The Conviction of George Burroughs, Essay examples

Peer-to-Peer Learning for How Students Can Utilize- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePeer-to-Peer Learning for How Students Can Best Utilize. Answer: Introduction Peer learning is where the person who is teaching the others isat or belongs to the same level as the students. This is more common in the education sector whereby the students use the strengths of fellow students to be able to learn more. It is more of an interactive programme or discussion where the students try to the best of their abilities to explain something or the topic of discussion to his or her colleagues. It helps when it comes to developing numerous skills and attitudes that are useful when it comes to problem solving (Pagel, 2017). This is a field that of late is gaining more attention even in the informal community-based education in matters of environment. It has been seen as a tool that can be used to increase action in communities. Heiskanen et al. (2017) say that this is because it promotes discussions and careful observation of everyones ideas. Defining Peer-to-Peer Learning Peer-to-peer learning is a very important tool when it comes to helping students understand the course work better. To further emphasize on its importance and how helpful it can be Twyman Redding (2015) came up with an observation tool using peer-to-peer mechanism which was designed to help the teachers be able help and support each other which in turn according to them will help them educate the learners better. This stresses on how important this tool can be and not only among the young aged people, but also the adults in all sectors. Arendale, (2016) says that aside from the positive effects on the whole group, the leaders of these peer groups also tend to become mature in leadership skills, public-speaking and such Opportunities Presented by Peer-to-Peer Learning The opportunities that come with this tool cut across the independent learner, the less experienced learner and the experienced learners. It has been known that peer learning has a number of advantages to the learners (Hanken, 2016). He says it is also beneficial among teachers not just to students and some of them include the following. Gives the students a feeling of safety In a research done by Stenberg Carlson (2015) among students in Sweden, the findings were that the students found peer-to-peer learning very effective. In the same research some of the opportunities presented by it according to the students were one, it provided a safety feeling. In this, the two authors found out those students liked working with other students and this reduced the levels of anxiety or uneasiness and nervousness. Working with other students reduced the chances of being afraid when being introduced into a new field. This research was done among clinical students. This is because the students found it easier to ask fellow colleagues questions compared to asking the supervisor. This is because asking a question to a person you know better is much easier as you are used to taking to each other. This helps the less experienced learner to catch up with others as they have the chance of learning from their friends easily. They point out it is much easier to ask stupid que stions to friends as compared to ask the tutor. They say it was much safer to discuss with others when the teacher was not present. Provides a better learning experience Another advantage presented by this according to Stenberg Carlson is the different learning experience. This is all about the sense of great responsibility that arises when taking turns to teach each other. This made the students make sure that their knowledge was close to perfect and updated. The discussions among students in sharing what one knows and learning from others what one does not know was seen as very beneficial in the learning process. One student points out that he felt the need and pressure to surpass what others knew when it came to comparison because there was stress that arose from being less knowledgeable compared to your peers.The independent learner in this case will be able to learn how to work with others and in turn be able to grasp more knowledge from others. Due to the sense of responsibility brought by it, the less experienced learner will have to push themselves to the limit and learn more on themselves to avoid embarrassment and in the long run learn to work on their own. The experienced learners get to showcase their capabilities to others and also learn more as no man is an island. Healthy competition The other opportunity it presents is competition. Competition is a very effective way to improve yourself and get know more and better yourself where you are weak. The two writers found out that students found competition as an obstacle when it comes to competing for the teachers attention. However this is a very positive factor as they further say comparing yourself with others could motivate you to perform better than others and in turn increase overall performance and reach the required levels. This benefits all the three types of students and competition increases independence as comparison reduces dependence. Challenges Presented by Peer-to-Peer Learning The challenges presented by it arealso critical issues that need to be looked at to help improve on how to use this tool. This helps to improve on them for a better peer-to-peer experience among students. Lack of confidence among students One of the challenges of this tool is confidence among the students (Schoerning Hand, 2013). They say that it was hard for students to comment on an issue if they felt that their idea was not worth it. This calls for the importance of building confidence. One way they suggested is listening actively by for example summarizing the students points. This was peer-to-peer discussion in a classroom with the teacher present which is the same among peers. One needs to feel appreciated then they will be motivated to contribute to a discussion. Another challenge with this tool according to Schoerning Hand is that you also have to make sure that a student feels that the ideas he gives and the ideas given by his peers are also important. This calls for appreciation to all the students from the teacher which needs to be implemented when it comes to discussions in class among peers. Negative group interactions As much as peer-to-peer learning improves the independence of the students in every way possible, one research points out in its findings that in one of the peer groups the dynamics in interpersonal interaction impacted the results negatively (de Vreede et al. 2014). The team leaders acknowledged that they knew the problems but did not have the capacity to solve them and felt the need to get help from adults and superiors. Conclusions From the above discussions, it is evident that peer-to-peer learning is a very effective tool when it comes to improving a students independence and knowledge as it utilizes what students know and use it to help other students. They say that peer students performed better compared to the others when it came to the test as they did the research to help the students become more independent. It uses the different abilities of different students and through discussions, these differences are turned into learning opportunities. This therefore calls for development of this tool. It is a very valuable tool when it comes to education yet it has not been studied fully or enough. It can change the performance standards if utilized properly in the education sector and at the same time promote independence when it comes to student interaction. It is important to know that the peer learning model of learning was not understood well in the preceding systems of education as they considered it be mo re of competition rather than cooperation among students as Gebeyehu Regasa, (2016) say. The various opportunities presented by the learning mechanism need to be exploited to the maximum and this will help the less experienced learners to learn faster and in doing so, independence increases. This will make everyone in the class try as much as possible to be at the same level as the more experienced learners. Team work is also improved among the students Recommendations on How to Improve Peer-to-Peer Learning Competition can be an obstacle and is compounded by incompatibility issues between the peers. According to them to improve on this, the students suggested that they should be allowed to choose their own partners. This makes the students select someone that they are comfortable with. Still on the same, the students need to be taught that they should strive towards professionalism and not working within the friendships. The issue of negative competition needs to be addressable adequately. Another way to improve peer-to-peer learning should be implemented in the libraries. As much as libraries offer a lot of information to students, they need to develop a way for students to help each other using best theories in peer-to-peer learning. This according to them is a very valuable way and has invaluable benefits. References Altintas, T., Gunes, A., Sayan, H. (2016). A peer-assisted learning experience in computer programming language learning and developing computer programming skills.Innovations in Education Teaching International,53(3), 329. doi:10.1080/14703297.2014.993418 Arendale, D. R. (2016).Postsecondary Peer Cooperative Learning Programs: Annotated Bibliography 2016. Online Submission. de Vreede, C., Warner, A., Pitter, R. (2014). Facilitating Youth to Take Sustainability Actions: The Potential of Peer Education.Journal of Environmental Education,45(1), 37-56. Gebeyehu, B., Regasa, G. (2016). Improving Peer Learning for Students' Academic Performance: The Case of Second Year Rural Development and Agricultural Extension Students, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University.Journal of Education and Practice,7(34), 53-57. Hanken, I. M. (2016). Peer Learning in Specialist Higher Music Education.Arts and Humanities in Higher Education: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice,15(3-4), 364-375. Heiskanen, E., Nissil, H., Tainio, P. (2017). Promoting Residential Renewable Energy via Peer-to-Peer Learning.Applied Environmental Education and Communication,16(2), 105-116. O'Kelly, M., Garrison, J., Merry, B., Torreano, J. (2015). Building a Peer-Learning Service for Students in an Academic Library.Portal: Libraries and the Academy,15(1), 163-182. PAGEL, B. (2017). THE POWER OF PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING.Kitchen Bath Business,64(4), 8. Schoerning, E., Hand, B. (2013). Using Language Positively: How to Encourage Negotiation in the Classroom.Science and Children,50(9), 42-45. Stenberg, M., Carlson, E. (2015). Swedish student nurses' perception of peer learning as an educational model during clinical practice in a hospital setting--an evaluation study.BMC Nursing,14(1), 1-7. Doi: 10.1186/s12912-015-0098-2 Topping, K., Buchs, C., Duran, D., van Keer, H. (2017).Effective Peer Learning: From Principles to Practical Implementation. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. Twyman, J., Redding, S., Council of Chief State School, O. (2015). Personal Competencies/Personalized Learning: Reflection on Instruction. A Peer-to-Peer Learning and Observation Tool.

Writing Style of Scarlet Letter Essay Example

Writing Style of Scarlet Letter Paper Adultery, betrayal, promiscuity, subterfuge, and intrigue, all of which would make an excellent coming attraction on the Hollywood scene and probably a pretty good book. Add Puritan ideals and writing styles, making it long, drawn out, tedious, wearisome, sleep-inducing, insipidly asinine, and the end result is The Scarlet Letter. Despite all these things it is considered a classic and was The Scarlet Letter is a wonderful and not so traditional example of the good versus evil theme. What makes this a unique instance of good versus evil is that either side could be considered either one. Hester could very easily have been deduced as evil, or the bad guy, as she was by the townspeople. That is, she was convicted of adultery, a horrible sin of the time, but maybe not even seen as criminal today. As for punishment, a sentence to wear a scarlet A upon her chest, it would hardly be considered a burden or extreme sentence in the present day. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing Style of Scarlet Letter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Writing Style of Scarlet Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Writing Style of Scarlet Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Or Hester can be seen as rebelling against a society where she was forced into a loveless marriage and hence she would be the good guy, or girl, as the case may be. Also the townspeople, the magistrates, and Chillingworth, Hesters true husband, can be seen in both lights. Either they can be perceived as just upholding the law -she committed a crime, they enforce the law. On the other hand are they going to extreme measures such as wanting to take Pearl, Hesters daughter, away just because Hester has deviated from the norm, all to enforce an unjust law that does not. Although the subjects of the novel do apply to important issues in history and could have had influences on the time period, they were not great.

Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children Social Work Essay Essay Example

Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children Social Work Essay Essay Example Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children Social Work Essay Paper Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children Social Work Essay Paper Working female parents have negative effects on their immature kids. This paper is used to demo that why female parents who normally working outside have bad effects on their immature kids and what are the effects. It explores a series of articles, diaries and experiments on the web sites to demo the bad effects of working female parents to their kids by the undermentioned four chief points, early developmental effects, mother-child barriers, psychological harm for kids and female parent s over-indulging cause kids deficiency of self-denial. In decision, the consequence of working female parents is still a controversial subject for presents, but both the common thought of people and the studies show that working female parents have farther negative effects to kids. Mother is the individual who gives a child life and love, so she is the most of import individual for a kid. Children can non populate without their female parent during babyhood which is based on homo s inherent aptitude. Mothers can give chest milk for kids to do them alive. And female parents can fulfill every small ask from kids because of female parent s love which is the basic homo s replete exist on every portion of homo s civilization and society. If people populating in the manner of against the homo s inherent aptitude, such as female parent normally outside so that do non hold adequate clip to remain with her kid, it will do jobs. Therefore, working female parents may hold negative effects on their immature kids. First of wholly, working female parents may doing bad early developmental effects. The kids will hold slower emotional development and mark less good in reading and math s trials, if their female parents return to work full clip in the old ages before they start school ( Carvel, 2003 ) . In this article, it talks about the working female parent s bad effects to their kids who show on the kids s ability of instruction. By the research, Prof Francesconi said that Even the kids of extremely educated female parents who go back to full-time work early will hold lower educational attainment. But the disadvantage will non be every bit much as it is for less educated Dendranthema grandifloruoms . This statement supports the thought of female parent who working outside truly has negative consequence on her kids. Parents are the first instructor of a kid, particularly the female parent. Imitate others action is the basic inherent aptitude of larning. In add-on, a research survey that receiv ed national attending in Britain found that kids whose female parents worked fill-time were twice every bit likely to neglect their high school go forthing tests as those whose female parents stayed place to raise them ( Anonymous, 1999 ) . This illustration besides shows that working female parents have negative effects to their kids on instruction. As a consequence, if female parents working outside for long clip, so the kid will has cipher to copy so that has less opportunities to larn abilities. This is the basic ground of why the kids with working female parents have low early instruction degree. As a consequence, early instruction is a really of import measure to act upon people s IQ and EQ for their whole life. Nowadays, escalating competition between people becomes harder and harder, so kids can non lose from the get downing line. Therefore, female parents should non work outdoors for long clip during the childhood of their kids. Second, working female parents will easy do mother-child barriers. In most of eastern states particularly in China, most of people believe that merely the people with the relationship of blood ties can truly swear each other, and the relationship between female parent and kids is the closest 1. However, if the female parent is working outside during her kids s childhood, there must be some estrangement being created. This will do barriers the communicating between female parent and kids, so that may organize domestic contradictions and go a concealed problem in future. A research survey that received national attending in China a twosome of old ages ago shows that convey up boies to back up parents in their old age is a common thought around people in low public assistance, so, if there is a job between female parent and kids on their household love, that will do a immense problem in a household, even the whole society. Pure close relationship normally built from childhood. When pe ople get older, the relationship will go complicated. Therefore, if people want to maintain the relationship of blood ties more credible, so this relationship should be built every bit early as possible. If people can non swear in the female parent s love, they will hold few opportunities to have others love. Love is the force of aid from others and no 1 can acquire a successful consequence without any aid. The female parents who ever work outside will do their kids start to discredit in love and do mother-child barriers even the barriers with the whole universe ( Wax, 2004 ) . Peace can non be kept by force. It can merely achieved by understanding is a well-known expression by Albert Einstein, but the apprehension between people demands clip and forbearance. Working female parents do non hold adequate clip to pass on with their kids and construct this apprehension, so barriers may easy be created. Peoples can non win with barriers in their household and the female parents who ev er work exterior is one of the grounds to do this happened. Therefore, working female parents have negative consequence to immature kids. Third, working female parents has the effects of psychological harm for kids. Young kid is really weak on both their organic structure and head, and female parent is the dearest individual of her kids. There was an experiment for a long clip ago shows that when people is confronting immense jobs, particularly the job is threating to life, the first individual they think is ever their Dendranthema grandifloruom. This is an look of homo s inherent aptitude of belong to and swear in female parent s love. Therefore, if female parent ever working outside and do non hold clip to remain with her kids, this will easy doing kids experiencing helpless and go unsociable, bizarre and have an inferior outlook. There are many illustrations around me, such as some schoolmates with individual parent household, or, some schoolmates whose parents ever really busy, normally have less assurance and less communicates with others. This is the immediate effect of kids with less of love. In this instance, t he kids with less female parent s attentions will demo different jobs in their behaviour ( Brindle, 2000 ) . Peoples may besides hold psychological unwellness or do visible radiation of their ain life ( Wax, 2004 ) . Peoples can non win without assurance and bravery, but these two of import individualities are the looks of people in love, particularly in the great female parent s love. Therefore, the kids with working female parents will acquire much less love than the kids whose female parent can ever remain with them. This will act upon the whole life of a kid. Fourthly, Working female parents may do female parents over-indulging and makes their kids deficiency of self-denial because of if the female parent work outside for long times, they will seek their best to do their kids happy in the limited clip of stay together and with less control. For illustration, many people who had has less attention because of their parents are excessively busy during their childhood, after they leave their place and get down to populate by their ain, such as abroad pupils, they normally weak to confront any seducement, and easy be addicted to take drugs, gambles, and intoxicant. They become to pass the money from their household extravagantly, so, eventually broken up the whole household and give up their calling. There is a study shows that working female parents normally have fatter kids. The working female parents has less attending to take attention every individual parts of their kids s day-to-day live, and they may utilize whatever the manner which c an do their kids happy to make full their guilty of did non pass adequate clip with kids ( Hawkes, 2007 ) . If hardworking can assist people to successful, so the spirit of unremitting and neer give up is the key to win. However, if people can non command themselves, they will neer to the full win. Therefore, immature kids need their female parents to remain with them and the female parents who ever work outdoors will hold negative consequence on their personality. Last but non least, people normally think that working female parents may hold negative effects to their kids as an inherent aptitude. There was an experiment has shown that approximately 60 % of work forces and 70 % of adult females agreed that a adult female s demand for self-fulfillment through work is merely every bit of import as her kids s demand for the best child care , and this study represent that in most of people s head, particularly in working female parents head, they want to pass more clip with their kids and give a best childhood to them ( WORKING Mothers: Consequence ON CHILDREN , 1983 ) . Mothers want to remain with their kids and kids want to remain with their female parents is the inherent aptitude of human being or animate beings. If people live in the manner which is against their inherent aptitude, so it has to be at least a really small influence to their life. However, for many grounds, there are so many studies try to demo the opposite consequence of pe ople s common thought that there is no difference between the kids with working female parents or non, but few of them has supported that the working female parents can assist their kids to turn up. Therefore, these articles may make by the authoritiess or the people who want adult females continue to work so that keeps the societal productiveness non diminishing. This is merely a courageous speculation, but still seems possible and sensible. In decision, In decision, based on the methods of above, working female parents may hold the undermentioned negative effects to their kids, such as early developmental effects, mother-child barriers, psychological harm for kids and female parent s over-indulging cause kids deficiency of self-denial. Therefore, female parents are better to pass more clip with their kids instead than working outside for long-run.

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business strategy - Essay Example 6 Environmental auditing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Shareholder’s analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Alternative strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Future strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Task 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Roles and responsi bility of strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Strategy requirements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Targets and timescales †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Introduction The business world has become increasingly competitive over the past few years and has necessitated that proper strategies be put in place to govern and define it. Various companies such as Apple Inc. have been involved in enacting strategies aimed at helping thei r company gain a competitive edge. A few of these specialized strategies Some of these strategies involve engaging in activities that make a company more able to derive a greater degree of revenue while at the same time reducing the costs of operation. For instance, Apple Inc. has decided to take advantage of the high demand of smart TVs within the current market as a main strategy of exercising a degree of competitive advantage within this specific sector. Further, the company has also been conducting aggressive marketing strategies aimed at gaining a competitive edge over its main rivals such as Samsung. Task 1: Demonstration of strategic planning processes: For the purpose of this paper, the selected organization will be Apple Inc.; one of the most successful multinational corporations with subsidiaries worldwide. It deals with the production of the communication equipment such as the iPhone as well as the creation of a litany of other consumer electronics. Further, the firm has also engaged in the development of different software for various applications. Currently, the company is in the process of production of new product lines which, according to management at the firm, will enable the company to gain a competitive advantage over its main competitors; Samsung, Huawei, and Google (Papalexandris et al, 2004, p. 90). Many analysts have pointed to the fact that the company is a market leader with respect to the massive amount of technical innovation and development that they are able to generate each and every quarter/year. As a function of this specialty and drive, the firm is able to make state of art goods; helping to explain why most of the goods from this company are in such high demand. Apple has many major opportunities owing to the fact that is has not yet been able to saturate markets; especially in the developing world. Despite the fact that its goods are expensive, they are in high demand due to their high quality and unique appeal that the bran d is able to generate. Currently, the company, just like many others, has been facing increased economic challenges. This is especially true after the 2007/2008 economic meltdown. However, to overcome this challenge, the management has been able to engage in a series of

The Department of Corrections Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Department of Corrections - Assignment Example This disparity could be attributed to the Supreme Court’s ruling in 2012 that ruled out US states from expanding Medicaid eligibility, which has led to a significant drop in the number of states adopting the Medicaid expansion. Moreover, even after the Federal Government gave consent to pay 100% Medicaid expansion costs for the initial three years and 90% thereafter, just 26 of the US’s 50 states have preferred to expand Medicaid (Rice et al, 2014). Such reluctance has left almost half of the eligible US residents with no Medicaid coverage. Another evident challenge is the increase in Medicare expenditure, 3 years after the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) enactment. A few months after the inauguration of the 2010 ACA Act, expenditure indicated low levels perhaps due to Medicare payment cuts, reduced hospital readmission and growth of responsible care centers. However, there has been a rebound in the Medical Department expenditures due to the introduction of blockbuster drugs; thus, continually resulting in high spending. Similarly, it is increasingly becoming difficult to control costs as physicians and hospitals merge to augment their market in negotiations with major insurers (Rice et al, 2014). That notwithstanding, strong, and resolute opposition that has always come against major Medicare policies and plans in the US poses a lot of challenges. For instance, immediately after the ACA came into effect, opposition from Republican Party within the House of Representatives, voted persistently for the Act’s abolishment over 40 times. Consequently, out of 1507 national representative polled in 2014, only 37% were for the ACA whereas 53% were against it (Rice et al., 2014). Thus, this lack of political will has led to many residents being against Medicare proposals. Apparently the background of the challenges facing the Medicare department in the US is due to a series of poor plans and policies that

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) Essay

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) - Essay Example This is precisely the reason why we have witnessed a shift from bureaucratic approach from the beginning of 19th century, to humanistic approach. While performing literature reviews and discussion with HR/ HC executives to understand strategic human resource management, I have found that SHRM gives a quantifiable value to contributions made by HR teams and helps them develop HR architecture and workface that aliens well to organizational objectives, giving rise to a competitive advantage. Careful analysis of strategic HRM reveals that human capital management is mandatory for today’s rapidly changing environment. In my view, the pace shown by today’s organizations and enterprises demand a fast-responding HR management teams that can alter the orientation of human capital with reference to organizational goals. This analysis of today’s human resource management practices had made me develop an understanding of this basic concept of strategic HRM. Through literatur e review and practical observations, I have observed that SHRM gives a new direction to traditional administrative role of HRM. It is about alienating the role and behavior of the workforce in a manner that corresponds to organizational objectives, mission and vision (Vosburgh, 2007). This is precisely the point where the concept of HR business partnership emerges. Going through present theories and thorough discussion with some of HR acquaintances has helped me develop an understanding that HR business partnership needs capital investment which is a sole decision made by organizational leadership. Without knowing the return on investment, it is difficult for management to provide funds for future developments. Here, SHRM emerges as the crutches that today’s weak Human capital managers need. This concept helps HR managers to analyze the value that they can bring to the business like other strategic functions of the organization (Scott-Jackson, 2009). Further discussions with HR executives helped me gain more insight of SHRM theory. In my view, SHRM defines a road map for HR executives via whom they can devise tools for acquiring and retaining suitable human capital that is well-versed with organizational practices and owns suitable skills set inventory. In addition to that, it is also important to ensure that this human capital is provided with necessary extrinsic and intrinsic benefits in order to keep them motivated. Where HRM has core responsibility of above mentioned functions, SHRM moves one step forward by devising frameworks through which HR systems and practices can actually assist organizational leaders in enhancing organizational performance and development. Hence, in my view, SHRM is a tool for gaining a competitive advantage that allows organizational management to achieve its business targets in an effective manner (Becker & Huselid, 2006). This understanding of SHRM function made me perform further analysis of the techniques used or sugges ted by today’s executives for achieving the objectives of this new regime. In order to gain this understanding, I performed a thorough analysis of various organizational models and live case studies. Through this research, I came to know that the foundation of SHRM is an understanding of the organizational objectives and goals in financial terms (Becker & Huselid, 2006). Once these concrete figures are available, HR executives are required to present HRM

Challenges in Reverse Logistics

Challenges in Reverse Logistics Reverse logisticsthe movement of products back toward the manufacturer in a channel of distributionis a topic that has been given scant attention. However, the increased contemporary emphasis on reverse logistics appears to be the result of public policy and social marketing influences. Broadly speaking, reverse logistics may be the result of one of the following types of initiative: Customer initiativevoluntarily returned goods. Government initiativeproduct recalls. Industry initiativerecycling. The latter two factors have a distinct consumerist/public policy flavoring, and have become mainstream issues largely in the past thirty years. For instance, while product recalls have existed since the early years (Schneider 1974) of the 20th century, they have become prevalent only since the mid-1960s. Two important pieces of federal legislationthe Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 and the Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972have generated an increased number of product recalls. Similarly, interest in recycling surged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. As a result, prior to the mid-1960s, it appears as if reverse logistics considerations primarily involved customer initiative. Since customer motivated return of goods is a relatively small-scale phenomena, it was overlooked by scholars. As a result, the reverse logistics costs, both direct and indirect, associated with voluntary returns are likely to be miniscule. This low cost scenario provides one explanation for why the distribution ramifications of voluntary returns have gone unstudied. On the other hand, government-initiated and industry-initiated reverse logistics are generally conducted on a much larger scale than is the case with voluntary returns. For instance, with respect to recalls, in 1979, one firm (Corning Glass Works) had to recall nearly 18,000,000 (CPSC Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1979) defective items of the same product. As a result, the costs associated with recall and recycling are likely to be greater than those of voluntary returns. And, since physical distribution is concerned with costs, it is only natural for there to be greater interest in either government-initiated or industry-initiated reverse logistics. Virtually all companies must deal with returns. Consider such diverse organizations as Phillips Electronics and Aurora Health Care Pharmacy. Both companies are highly successful in dealing with returns. Phillips reduced the number of returns from 1.2-1.3 million per year to less than 500,000 (Sciarrotta, 2003). Aurora keeps returns at less than 2% of its total inventory despite stringent FDA regulations related to expiration dates, manufacturer recalls, and proper disposal of drugs (Morton, 2006). The common success factor: both firms have established and meticulously enforced returns-related policies and procedures. They each put a structured program in place to manage returns (Morton, 2006; Sciarrotta, 2003). Regardless of products and/or services involved, managers need to get control of their return operations. Control has been recognized as a crucial component of supply chain management (SCM): The first step (in SCM) is to introduce structure and discipline to the supply process, tightening up procedures, and taking control of all activities in the supply chain. (Sandelands, 1994, p. 44). One important way to introduce such structure is to formalize the operation. Level of formalization is indicative of how much control a given firm has over its reverse logistics operations. Thus, the issue of control becomes associated with the formal development and implementation of written down policies, rules, and procedures related to reverse logistics. Literature review and practitioners perspectives indicate that formalization is a necessity for managing all aspects of the distribution effort including the return movement of goods and services from the market. The purpose of the current research is to provide an analytical tool for measuring the level of reverse logistics process formalization achieved. Such a tool will allow for a more precise assessment of firms readiness to deal with the complexities involved in managing reverse logistics. Accordingly, this study examines the relationship between reverse logistics program complexity and reverse logistics process formalization. James (1974) recognized that transportation and warehousing are key components of a reverse distribution system. Large companies are heavy users of private warehousing. One advantage to private warehousing is control; perhaps one aspect of control is an efficient procedure for calculating warehousing expenses. The transportation-related research that has been done suggests that, for the most part, affected companies bear (Yaros 1976) the freight expense for recalled products. However, only about one-quarter of the affected companies (Yaros and Wood 1981) have control over carrier selection. Three warehousing-related variables contract warehousing, private warehousing, and relative use of private warehousing that show statistically significant relationships with revenues at all locations. Contract and private warehousing are more prevalent among larger firms; this may be an indication that larger firms strive to exhibit more distribution control than smaller firms. Among those firms who utilize private warehousing in both forward and reverse distribution, large firms tend to use private warehousing more in the forward channel. This may be an indication that larger companies are more flexible in their warehousing patterns. That is, the magnitude of a recall might influence whether or not private warehousing is used in the reverse channel (e.g., for small recalls, private warehousing may not be utilized). Reverse Logistics Reverse logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin for the purpose of recapturing or creating value or for proper disposal. (Rogers Tibben-Lembke, 1999, p. 2). Despite the growing recognition of the importance of reverse logistics, many companies are not ready to meet the challenges involved in handling returns. The rapid growth in the volume of returns far outpaces the abilities of firms to successfully manage the returns (Rupnow, 2007). Because of all the uncertainties involved, reverse logistics program development and implementation becomes very complex. The major challenges involve the considerable number of unknowns that have to be accounted for in developing reverse logistics programs (A.T. Kearneys Executive Agenda, 2004). The process of measuring and analyzing returns-related performance criteria is aimed at improving reverse logistics quality and identifying potential problem areas. The following metrics were identified by returns managers as the most important reverse logistics indicators: 1) volume of returns; 2) type/condition of returned product; 3) dollar value; 4) percent of sales; and 5) resources, including human resources, dedicated to returns. In-depth analysis of these measures can help to identify problem areas. Analyzing the volume, type/condition of returns, dollar value, and percentage of sales can provide a comprehensive list of reasons for returns and identify trends. For example, if a particular customer is constantly abusing the returns policy, this will be apparent when volume of returns and percent of sales data are analyzed. Type/condition of the returned product measures can uncover damage-related problems with specific carriers. RD product designs and/or supplier selection pro cedures can be reconsidered if the number of defective products coming back exceeds a pre-determined level. Measuring and analyzing reverse logistics programs can streamline resource allocation decisions as well. Targeting resources to potential efficiency gains should be a priority. Some firms start to apply reverse logistics-specific ROI ratios to identify the value-added to both the firm and the customers. Investments in employee training and new reverse logistics technological solutions, for example, are tied to pre-determined performance outcomes. Process formalization will enable the application of standardized analytical and measurement tools, like ROI, which can provide feedback useful in improving the service-quality and economic performance of the reverse logistics program. The Effects and Implications of Reverse Logistics Process Formalization Consistent with the RBV of the firm, in its dynamic capabilities extension, (reverse logistics) processes/competences help to transform property-based and knowledge-based resources into enhanced (reverse logistics) capabilities and (reverse logistics program) performance (Teece et al., 1997). The formalization of these processes/competences becomes a necessary condition for building a state-of-art reverse logistics program. The formalization of the reverse logistics processes addresses the issue and provides several related benefits discussed bellow. First, the formalization of the reverse logistics program can serve as a foundation for developing and implementing a solid monitoring system. Specific measurement items can be developed to help companies get control over their reverse logistics operations through increased visibility of the processes and activities involved. In addition to enhancing control, multiple monitoring/check points can help firms to modify certain processes and related activities. A constant feedback system can be established allowing for continuous process improvement. Second, reverse logistics program formalization defines roles and responsibilities. A clear and shared understanding of what is involved in managing returns can increase employee motivation and contribute to increased operational efficiency. Clear delineation of required activities and associated responsibility can reduce returns processing time. The managers interviewed believe that reverse logistics process formalization allows employees to focus on ways to increase productivity. Measurable gains can be achieved, for example, by avoiding discussing potential options for every returned product. Instead, the prescribed policy/rule can be automatically applied. In addition to pure operational gains, providing structure to the reverse logistics program can contribute to enhanced performance by enabling reverse logistics personnel to build upon shared and in-depth, firm-specific knowledge and experience. Capturing standard policy through written formal procedures provides institutional memory and creates a firm-specific knowledge database. Next, reverse logistics program formalization can help to identify necessary resources and indicate how resources should be utilized. A step-by-step schematic of what exactly is involved in handling returns can greatly contribute to securing senior management support. Problem areas can be readily identified as well as potential economic and strategic benefits. Tailored investments can be made, for example in returns inspectors training and wireless technologies. These investments should be related to clear-cut performance outcomes through developing distinct IT, innovation, and responsiveness capabilities. More importantly, gaining support for reverse logistics was cited as the necessary first step in changing the attitude toward returns, the culture from lets try to lose less money to lets try to identify opportunities. The development of an effective, formalized reverse logistics program can also help companies to improve relationships with customers. When reverse logistics processes are formalized and documented at the detail level, preparing a customer-tailored offering can become less burdensome. Different activities can be adjusted as necessary and presented to the customer. The reverse logistics program can become an important element of the overall selling effort. Leading firms in reverse logistics management already include returns experts as part of their sales team. Formalization of reverse logistics processes can become a key, customer-oriented strategic tool.

Free Essay on Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter - Three Scaffold Scenes :: Scarlet Letter essays

Three Scaffold scenes - Progression of Dimmesdale In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne portrays Arthur Dimmesdale as a troubled individual. In him lies the central conflict of the book. Dimmesdale's soul is torn between two opposing forces: his heart, his love for freedom and his passion for Hester Prynne, and his head, his knowledge of Puritanism and its denial of fleshly love. He has committed the sin of adultery but cannot seek divine forgiveness, believing as the Puritans did that sinners received no grace. His dilemma, his struggle to cope with sin, manifests itself in the three scaffold scenes depicted in The Scarlet Letter. These scenes form a progression through which Dimmesdale at first denies, then accepts reluctantly, and finally conquers his sin. During Hester Prynne's three-hour ignominy, Dimmesdale openly denies his sin. Hawthorne introduces Dimmesdale as "a being who felt himself quite astray and at a loss in the pathway of human existence" (64). The author made it obvious that a grim secret lies hidden in the depths of Dimmesdale's soul. This secret, however, does not reveal itself immediately, since Dimmesdale hides it from the closely watching town. In addition, he magnifies his own denial of his sin when he charges Hester to "speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer"(65). By deliberately speaking to Hester as if the sinner were not himself, the pastor makes sure that nobody suspects him. One may also interpret Dimmesdale's speech as a hint to Hester not to name him. He feels he must "add hypocrisy to sin" in order to keep his standing in the town. He thinks that if the town finds out about his sin, they will never forgive him, much like his belief system tells him that God will never forgive him. So great is his relief when he finds that "she will not speak" that he stands in awe of the "wondrous strength and generosity of a woman's heart"(66). Despite an inward wish for his sin to be discovered, Dimmesdale feels better knowing that Hester will not willingly expose him. In this scene in front of the town, Dimmesdale shows his original strength of character, which will diminish along the course of the book. In the middle of the night, seven years after Hester's punishment, Dimmesdale holds a vigil on the scaffold where he finally accepts his sin. The battle within Dimmesdale between "Remorse, which dogged him everywhere" and "Cowardice, which invariably drew him back"(144) leads to a temporary compromise in his midnight vigil.

Patient Abuse in Nursing Facilities Essay

Patient abuse in nursing facilities is becoming more prominent. Abuse is not only physical, but emotional, sexual, neglect and financial exploitations. The elderly are the most vulnerable and least likely to complain, so unfortunately they are the targets. Most families research in depth about the nursing facility that they will place their loved one, in hopes that abuse doesn’t occur. Although the research is done, families should still look for signs and symptoms of abuse since they are leaving their loved one in stranger’s hands. According to (Center), A recent investigation concluded that employment checks do not always provide adequate protection against elder mistreatment. For instance, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services prohibit nursing homes from hiring persons with a prior history of committing abuse in a nursing home setting, but those who have been convicted of other forms of abuse like child abuse may still be hired. Some states require a criminal background check, while others do not. Even so, these checks usually do not uncover convictions in another state. Furthermore, in some states, non-caregiving staff such as maintenance workers and others without a direct patient care role do not undergo criminal checks even though they may have direct access to patients and patient areas. Understaffing is a common cause of nursing home abuse. When staff members become overworked, they may begin to lose their patience with the nursing home residents. In addition, understaffing leaves many workers unsupervised or untrained, which can lead to nursing home abuse. Still, physical abuse in nursing homes is illegal, and the owners of the assisted living facility can be held liable if a resident is subject to nursing home abuse or neglect. Sometimes, it is difficult to identify nursing home residents who have been physically abused. Very often, members of the nursing home staff will state that the resident’s injuries were the result of a fall rather than the actual cause–nursing home abuse. In addition, the staff member may bully the resident into agreeing with their story. Because detecting signs of physical nursing home abuse can be difficult, loved ones should pay careful attention when visiting the nursing home. Be aware of the common signs of physical nursing home abuse, including: unexplained bruising, cuts, sprains, fractures and broken bones and open wounds. In addition to physical signs, nursing home patients who have been physically abused may also show changes in their behavior. If the resident appears withdrawn, fearful, nervous or depressed, they may be suffering from physical nursing home abuse. The most common type of physical abuse is battery, which can include forcing the resident into restraints for no valid reason. Other forms of physical abuse in nursing homes include: overmedication, use of excessive restraints, chemical or physical, for no reason, burning, pushing, shoving, force feeding, hitting the resident with the hand or an object, pulling the resident’s hair and mishandling the resident when transporting them from beds, bathrooms etc ( (Morgan). According to (Emotional Abuse in Nursing Homes), Emotional abuse in nursing homes is not as overt as other forms of abuse. Regardless, the effects that emotional abuse in nursing homes can result in are damaging to the happiness, health, and other areas of that resident’s life. Not knowing what signs to look for can allow emotional abuse in nursing homes to continue. Often times, a resident thinks that telling someone about abuse suffered, including emotional abuse in nursing homes, will make them a burden to the family or they feel afraid of enduring an increased amount of abuse. If emotional abuse in nursing homes is occurring the family members should immediately notify the facility. The facility should amend the situation at once but if the emotional abuse in nursing homes persists, the family should take further action. The chances of the emotional abuse in nursing homes occurring to just one resident are very slim so other residents are probably suffering as well. Emotional abuse in nursing homes can include humiliation, harassment, threat of punishment, deprivation, and intimidation, as well as other behaviors. One of the most pervasive forms of nursing home abuse today is that of neglect. Nursing home neglect is too frequently overlooked and results all too often in a decline in general health and eventually the death of those elderly people entrusted to nursing home care facilities. The problem can occur anywhere and can take many shapes. What makes this particularly sinister is that it can be overlooked or ignored for so long. Even upon repeated visits to a nursing home, the signs of nursing home neglect can remain hidden. In order to understand the scope of the problem, it is important to know the different types of nursing home neglect and nursing home abuse. The most obvious, most egregious, and the first that comes to mind for many people is physical neglect. Unfortunately common in nursing homes today, neglect takes many forms, however, all of which are disturbing in their own right. Any of the following forms of neglect warrant contacting a nursing home abuse lawyer to bring justice to the victim of neglect, as well as make conditions safer for other residents (Center). According to (Financial Exploitation of Nursing Home Residents), Financial exploitation of the elderly occurs when an individual takes or uses the money or property of a senior for any wrongful use, or with the intent to defraud the elder. Senior citizens who live in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities can be victims of financial abuse by their direct caregivers or by the administrators of the nursing homes. Financial exploitation is defined as the wrongful use of an individual’s finances or property for another’s advantage. This can occur when residents’ personal or financial resources are taken from them without their consent, either because the residents were incapacitated and unable to give consent or because they were subjected to threats, intimidation, manipulation, and deception. Examples of financial exploitation include cashing an elderly person’s checks without authorization, forging a senior’s signature, stealing an older person’s money or possessions, or deceiving an older person into signing any contract, will, or other document. According to (Nursing Home Abuse), It is critical for every resident to understand their nursing home patient rights in order to successfully acclimate to the very different living environment of a skilled nursing facility. Patients and their families should become well versed in the policies and procedures inherent to life in the facility and must know exactly what they can and should expect when it comes to care and safety. In the US, the federal government and each state government have written legislation which guarantees each nursing home resident specific and general rights while under professional care. Most foreign counties have similar laws enacted to protect elders from abuse and neglect in nursing facilities, as well. When your loved one is placed in a nursing home, it is required that they are given a written bill of patient’s rights. It is recommended that the family and loved one go over this bill of rights in detail so they are familiar with the rights of their loved one. Most often, nursing home patients cannot defend themselves, due to several different reasons: physical health, mental health, social isolation or dependency issues. Unless someone comes forward for these patients, they won’t get help and no one is penalized for their actions. Many do not know how to report nursing home abuse, so they remain silent and struggle with their disturbing knowledge of the abuse or neglect. Once the repost is filed, the organization that is responsible, will investigate thoroughly and will hold the person/persons responsible for their actions. If you are a family member and suspect any minor abuse or neglect, it is always wise to report the activity to the nursing home administrator directly. Tell them that you have evidence of the abuse and that you intend to take this matter as far as it will go. Do not back down. If the infraction is minor and resulted in no real damage, then you may consider allowing them to discipline the staff member internally. Just be sure to watch out for any retribution which may come back to your loved one if the staff member is not fired. If the infraction is more serious or you do not feel completely confident that the matter will be settled in the best interest of your loved one, then take the concern one step further. Immediately call police and report the incident. Additionally, contact adult protective services, your ombudsman, your local nursing home regulatory agency and Medicare, if applicable. You might also consider consulting with a nursing home abuse attorney and filing a civil lawsuit (Nursing Home Abuse). Although abuse in nursing facilities is becoming more prominent, there are several things that family members can do to protect their loved one from being a victim from this horrible crime. The elderly are very vulnerable, but they do not deserve the abuse that the under paid, aggravated staff member may give them. If someone suspects abuse in a nursing facility, they should report it immediately. If not, this makes you just as guilty.

Eukaryotic Cell Anatomy Review

Eukaryotic Cell Anatomy Review This cell anatomy review is designed to test your knowledge of eukaryotic cell anatomy. Cells are the basic unit of life. There are two primary types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells have no true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that is enclosed within a membrane. Bacteria and  archaeans are examples of prokaryotic cells. Plant cells and animal cells are eukaryotic cells. Organelles There are some differences in the kinds of cell organelles that can be found within plant and animal cells. For example, plant cells contain cell walls and plastids, while animal cells do not. Cell Shapes All cells do not look the same. They come in varying shapes and sizes and are well suited for the roles they fill in the proper functioning of an organism. For example, nerve cells are elongated and thin, with projections that extend out from the cell body. Their unique shape helps neurons communicate with one another. Other body cells, such as red blood cells, have a disc shape. This helps them to fit into tiny blood vessels in order to transport oxygen to cells. Fat cells are round in shape and become enlarged when storing fat. They shrink as the stored fat is used for energy.

Marketing Concepts Essays

Marketing Concepts Essays Marketing Concepts Essay Marketing Concepts Essay 1- Consumer Behaviour. One of the most challenging concept in marketing deals with understanding why consumers behave in a certain way or do what they do (or don’t do). Two major psychological concepts are often used to explain and understand the consumer’s behaviour. The first is the so called in psychology the cognitive psychology in which the focus of the study is the mental behaviour i. e. the internal influence such as perception, memory, attention, attitude, beliefs, values, personality and buying motives. The second psychological concept is the social psychology in which the phenomenon of consumer behaviour is completely influenced by the external forces, i. e. social and referenced groups. There is no doubt that the consumer behaviour is extremely complex due to the nature of human beings differences in all the levels. Nevertheless, a common definition of consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes of the buying units and the exchange processes involved in acquiring, consuming, and disposing of goods, services, experiences, and ideas. But such knowledge is critical for marketers since having a strong understanding of buyer behaviour will help shed light on what is important to the customer and also suggest the important influences on customer decision-making. Using this information, marketers can create marketing programs that they believe will be of interest to customers. 2- Consumer Decision making Consumer decision making is explained and viewed as a complex process that is conducted in steps in which consumers identify their needs, collect information, evaluate alternatives, and make the purchase decision. Some refer this process as problem solving phenomena. These actions are determined by psychological and economical factors, and are influenced by environmental factors such as cultural, group, and social values. Consumer’s decision making differ in many ways, just as problem solving to certain issues is done; the same is in the case of consumer buying decision. For example some buying results from the consumer’s need for fun, to create fantasies, obtain emotions, and feelings. Some others are because of strong environmental forces that propel consumers to make purchases without necessarily first developing strong feelings or beliefs about the product. Some buying is done on the basis of innovation, some on the basis of the so called impulse purchase, some of the basis of discount purchase or sale purchase. As you can see there is huge variety of examples that reflect buyer’s decision other than necessity. Thus, mmarketers have successfully influenced the consumer’s decision making by understating the consumer behaviour and adapting and improving their marketing strategies and hence creating attractive messages through smart and effective advertising propagandas that effectively reached the consumers. -What influences purchases There are many factors that can affect this process as a person works through the purchase decision. The number of potential influences on consumer behaviour is limitless. However, marketers are well served to understand the Key influences. By doing so they may be in a position to tailor their marketing efforts to take advantage of these influences in a way that will satisfy the consumer and th e marketer (this is a key part of the definition of marketing). There are three main factors that influence purchasing: Internal, External and Marketing. The internal factors consist of attitude, life-style, knowledge, personality, role, involvement and perception. The external factors consist of culture, groups, and situations. The Marketing factors embrace the following: product, price, promotions, distribution and service. For the most part the influences are not mutually exclusive. Instead, they are all interconnected and work together to form who we are and how we behave and what influence our purchases.

What is a Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is a Language - Essay Example The author has tried to explain various principles and concepts of a language, while considering the involvement of a speaker of the language, within the scope of such discussions. As the author identifies five responses to ’what is a language’, the essay makes reference to a text book, named â€Å"Chomskyan Linguistics†, written by Smith and Wilson in 1979, in which the two renowned linguists connect the language with rules that make the grammar of any language. They have further opined that, for example, in the English language, different speakers possess different levels of grammar and, thus, English would have not one but many grammars, as the same will be different for various individual speakers. Responding to the question ’what is a language’, the author has considered five answers. They include ‘NATURALISM’, meaning language is a natural kind; PLATONISM, which treats language as an abstract object; NOMINALISM, meaning that any s et of objects would define the name of a language; SOCIOLOGISM, which places the language in the category of social facts and DUALISM, which agrees to the language being a social fact, while disagreeing with the argument that the particular social fact could also be the linguistic fact. While discussing all answers, with arguments for and against five positions, the author has staked its claim to last option, saying that linguistic facts cannot be, necessarily, social facts also, thus, negating SOCIOLOGISM. Author further states that the option of NATURALISM is partially compatible with the last answer, DUALISM. (Pateman) Languages as natural kinds The author has dismissed the claim that languages belong to natural kinds, by saying that other natural facts in this world cannot be counted in the same group, although all of them may belong to natural kinds only. The fact is exemplified by different natural products like tigers and lemons, both of which are from nature, but are entirel y different. Further, diversifying on the discussion, the author has stressed that definition of language has the relation to the environment that surrounds the speaker. Pateman has given an example of Creoles, who find no use of their native language in the new environment; like the ‘plantation workers’. Languages as abstract objects The author has referred to the theory put forward by Chomsky, which treats linguistics as a science, like neurology and psychology. Further, there are references to arguments put forward by Katz, which treat languages and sentences as mathematical abstract objects, while employing ‘general scientific methodology’ to support this claim. Pateman has countered Katz’s argument by relating the properties of sentences and language with grammar, in abstraction, which can be viewed as mathematical grammarian abstract objects, while having no reality. (Pateman) Languages as names Many sociolinguists have related languages with t he spoken dialects and social facts of the speakers. Accordingly, the author of this article refers to Smith and Wilson, informing in their text book that dialect and language correspond to each other, when the speakers having similar grammar, for any language, are grouped together. However, Pateman counters this argument by saying that there is no relation of language with an individual, as its name is taken from the dialect, which speakers can formulate for construction of a language. Languages as social and linguistic facts The author describes about relationship between the groups of a social class and the language spoken by them. For example, members of a church belong to the same social group and may speak the same dialect or language. Hence, the idea of

Inquiry letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Inquiry letter - Assignment Example Do they initiatives fully counter the challenges? 4. What leads to either the failure or success of firms in the Parma PDO Ham Sector? What tactics and methods are used to determine whether a firm has failed or succeeded in a particular year? How does the sector’s management ensure that the firms with debts pay them? 5. What characteristics place a firm in the SMEs category of the Parma PDO Ham Sector? What provisions are put in place to ensure that a SME does not go bankrupt? Does the sector have a limitation on the number of firms involved? 6. What is the comparison between the profit margins and the financial margins? Are there statistically significant differences? What approaches are applied to calculate the Interest Coverage Ratios (ICRs)? Are there any similarities between the traditional and non-traditional Interest coverage Ratios (ICRs)? 8. How is the general equation of the balance sheet in the Parma PDO Ham Sector expressed? Which factors and results are compared in the sector’s balance sheet? Which specific intermediate profit margins are applied as variables and why? 9. What strategies doe the Parma PDO Ham Sector put into place to ensure that firms can differentiate in the production and at the same time raise the sales? What demerits come with these strategies? Are there any characteristics that have the effect of increasing the capital needs? 10. Are there any characteristics of production and investment applied by the sector that affect the capital structure? What are the large amounts of capital required by the firms for? Is there any correlation between economic and financial margins? If yes, what is the main cause of the correlation? If No, what strategies do you apply to avoid this 11. Do the Parma PDO Ham processing firms often have difficulties paying interest charges and distributing dividends? What is the analysis of the relationship between the sector firms and the

Topics in Information Technology Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Topics in Information Technology Ethics - Essay Example Of course, security reasons are not the only purposes for Internet surveillance; corporations also use surveillance for marketing purposes. Paul Mobbs, in the article â€Å"How and when organisations and the state can monitor your actions,† discusses the â€Å"potential threats to civil liberties posed by the use of electronic networks for the purposes of surveillance, by the state and private companies, and the potential damage of these for civil society in the long term.† Karen McCullagh, in response to the growing security concerns after 9/11, also states that the modern use if the Internet has provided companies ad states with opportunities of surveillance that were not open to them previously. As she sees it, privacy and security are interconnected issues: â€Å"It is submitted that privacy and security are necessarily interrelated and interdependent. Therefore neither principle should ever be applied to the exclusion of the other, as they are both essential tenet s of a liberal democratic society.† These are difficult issues, and there are no easy answers to them. It is necessary, though, for people to be aware of the extent to which they are or can be monitored. Security is a necessity, but no will could argue that civil liberties are not also a necessity. Mobbs splits surveillance into two different categories, indirect and directed. Under indirect surveillance, the practices of dataveillance and data profiling are the two most commonly used. These practices are used typically for the purposes of marketing, political lobbying, police investigations, and the protection of intellectual property. As most users of the Internet do not understand the technology behind the Internet, these users are particularly susceptible to invasions of privacy. This is not to say that people are not aware that their privacy has been violated, though it does mean that people might attempt to protect their privacy by means which could be

Abraham Lincoln Essay Example for Free

Abraham Lincoln Essay According to Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"Your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other thing. † (Mills 3). I was inspired by this quote that speaks of success, which I will describe as a golden star that everyone wants to reach. This quote is similar to most of the leadership quotes because it speaks of ways to reach success, but, this quote is special in a way that it could be related to the self-fulfilling prophecy. Simply put, the main road to success is the â€Å"will to succeed. † I’m sure each of us has experienced actually failing a task whenever our mind is embedded with the phrase: â€Å"I can’t do this! † If you believe that you will be successful in any endeavor you want to take, then, you have taken the first step to becoming a person who is the â€Å"king or queen of success. † I myself have noticed that whenever I put into mind that I will â€Å"win,† the outcome turns out to be truly positive. This essay can help readers realize that their goals can be achieved by first believing in themselves. If a person always expects that he/she will succeed in something specific, then his/her expectations will most probably turn into a reality as what the so-called â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy† suggests. Rosenthal, in his book: â€Å"Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research,† said: â€Å"Events tend to turn out as one has hypothesized, not because of some great insight but because one behaves in a manner to achieve this outcome. † Believing in this theory would mean that we would have to love ourselves more, believe that we have what it takes to win in this â€Å"game† called life, and, at the same time, because of our mind set, act in such a way that enables us to achieve our dreams. Bear in Mind: Success is in your hands, just believe! Works Cited Mills, Dawson A. â€Å"Continuing Education Offerings Abound. † The Virginian-Pilot [Virginia] 28 January 1996:3. Rosenthal, Robert. Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966.

Nursing Intervention for Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Nursing Intervention for Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) The physical and emotional symptoms of PMS are common but it doesnt mean that all girls will develop PMS. The symptoms start about a week or two weeks prior to the period for most of the girls who experience PMS. Life style changes including dietary modifications are the commonly used to treat the symptoms (www.youngwomenshealth.org) The cause of PMS is explained with list of given biological theories. It including conditions likes deficiency of progesterone in the luteal phase of menstrual cycle and deficiencies of vitamin. As per the researchers 70% to 90% of women experience PMS during child bearing years at some time, it usually happens at the age of 25 to 45. (http/nhs.us/conditions/pms) Estrogen and progesterone are two essential hormones involved during ovulation and menstruation .There are certain hormonal changes namely rise in estrogen and fall in progesterone during PMS. When estrogen / progesterone ratio is high it interferes with brain neurotransmitters which control the basic unit of mood and pain. Regular menstrual cycle among women is natural process PMS is included as a part of it. The incidences of PMS are caused by other factors also. The other factors identified are hereditary, caffeine, stress, aging, medical history, tobacco, family history and diet plays a vital role (www.goodeveningworld.com) The environmental play a important role in influences on PMS causing different other symptoms. Some researchers categorized four types of PMS. Some of the women may present with only one type of PMS, some can have 2 or 3 types, and few women have all four types. PMS-A is related with anxiousness and tension of the muscles. PMS-C includes cravings for sweets, dark chocolates and carbohydrate rich diet. PMS-D refers to emotional problems prior to menstruation. PMS-H includes tenderness in the breast and gain in weight because of retention of water. (http/www.individualizednutrition.com) There are different types of supplements naturally done which can highly cause reduction of the symptoms of PMS. Continuously using fish oil for two months is beneficial in reducing PMS symptoms. Fatigue, irritability, tenderness of breast and extremities swelling can be relieved by using evening primrose oil (http/www.individualizednutrition.com) NEED FOR THE STUDY PMS usually happens one week or 2 weeks prior to periods. Totally 150 symptoms are actually found which occurs during PMS. The identified common symptoms are mood disturbances, tenderness of breast, bloating of the abdomen, acne, cravings for certain foods, increased appetite and thirsty feeling and fatigue. Other symptoms included are difficulty in passing stools and loose stools, feeling irritated, mood change and feeling down. (www.pmsfacts.com) As there is no specific laboratory test to diagnose PMS, in order to establish a pattern, a gynecologist ask the patient to record her symptoms at least for two menstrual cycles. This will help to establish if the symptoms are truly premenstrual and predictably recurring. If symptoms increase in 30% in six days before menstruation, then it is identified case of pre menstrual syndrome needs treatment (www.goodevening world.com) The premenstrual symptom is a complex one. Many women experience this symptoms ranging from moderate to severe. To manage PMS the initial step is daily regular exercise and change in diet. A life style changes is sufficient to control symptoms for women with mild symptoms. (www.about.com) The treatment of PMS varies from woman to woman; the patient is advised on various treatment modalities like diet, home remedies, contraceptives, exercise, herbal treatment, dietary supplements, and diuretics. (www.goodeveningworld.com) Studies revealed that many foods including soy, green leafy vegetables and fresh fruit, nuts and seeds are really effective in balancing the hormone. The women who sufferers with PMS are advised to make changes in diet such as consumption of fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables, cereals and whole grains, dairy products of low fat and sea foods. It is recommended that having frequent meals in small quantity each day helps to reduce fullness and abdominal bloating.(www.faqs.org/nutrition) Research in this area can be given high priority since these symptoms will affect females daily routine activity. Several studies highlighted that the symptoms can be improved with plenty of sleep, vitamin supplements and exercise. Even non- pharmacological measure like healthy diet, life style changes, some home remedies which indirectly contribute to reduce the symptoms. These aspects impressed the researcher, thereby felt the need do a study in this same area and to find the effectiveness on Planned Nursing Intervention on management of PMS among college students who has been experiencing pre menstrual syndrome. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Nursing Intervention on management of Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) in terms of intensity of symptoms, knowledge and attitude among college girls in a selected educational institution, Salem. OBJECTIVES To prepare and validate the Planned Nursing Intervention on management of PMS among samples. To assess and compare the mean pre-test and mean post-test intensity of PMS among samples. To assess and compare mean pre-test and mean post-test knowledge score on management of PMS among samples. To assess and compare mean pre-test and mean post-test attitude score on PMS among samples. To find association between the pre-test level of knowledge on management of PMS among samples and their selected demographic variables- age at menarche and family history of PMS. HYPOTHESES: (Level of significance p

The Olive Branch :: essays research papers

The Olive Branch   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Like dragonflies their [dead bodies] have filled the river. Like a raft they have moved to the edge [of the boat]. Like a raft they have moved to a river bank † (flood-myth.com, 3/15/00).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whether the above is fact, fiction, myth, or legend it appears that all civilizations have a strong fascination with The Deluge. Bible believers feel that it was an act of God, who intern wanted to cleanse the earth of immoral people and evildoers. Chosen survivors, for example Noah, as well as present day Christians believe that the Flood was a marking point for a new covenant between God and themselves. However, the myths that have accumulated from each culture provide great colorful characters and death defying heros against the angst of the gods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Often times the bible is compared to the â€Å"Gilgamesh Epic†, which is the oldest fictional novel known to man. The Babylonian epic tells a similar story of the flood. The gods within the story are very angered by humankind’s behavior. So they decided to punish them a flood. Ea, a Babylonian God, disagrees with extremely harsh treatment. He then instructs Utnapishtim to flee with his family and all the animals on a boat. This basic myth emerges from the â€Å"Gilgamesh Epic† but neighboring civilization, such as Sumeria, retell the same with different protagonist gods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Traveling east into China the flood legend seems to take on a new meaning. The myth is recorded around 1000 b.c. by the Chou Dynasty. â€Å"The main difference between the Chinese flood myth and that of Western cultures seems to be the emphasis on why there was a flood. In the Western Myths the floods are brought about because of the anger of the gods, or at a whim of the gods, while in the Chinese myth the emphasis is on a very practical matter, the channeling of unruly waters in such a way to make the cultivation of land possible.†( cybercomm.com ,15 March) In other words, the purpose of the flood was to create better farm land. There was no sense of divine intervention.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continuing east, the story picks up in the Mayan ruins. The â€Å"Popol-Vuh† , the Mayans sacred book, relates the tale of the destruction from flood. They felt that the purpose of the flood was to remedy the faulty creation of man, not to punish to mankind. The Feathered Serpent, who is the Mayan creator, first created man from mud, but they were without sight or substance.